Fecal Coliform Bacteria

• 26 Feb 2025

Why in News? 

According to a report by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) , the level of faecal coliform bacteria in the Ganga and Yamuna at  Prayagraj Sangam is far higher than the safe limit of 2,500 units per 100 ml of water. 

Key Points 

• The water of the Yamuna and Ganga at Prayagraj Sangam is entirely unfit for drinking and bathing, posing serious health risks. 
• The National Green Tribunal (NGT) is hearing the issue and a report is being sought from the concerned authorities. 
• NGT has already given instructions to the Uttar Pradesh government regarding the sewage management plan during the Maha Kumbh Mela . 
• Fecal Coliform Bacteria: 
  • About 
    • It is a collection of microorganisms which are mainly found in the feces or waste excreted by warm-blooded animals and humans. 
    • These are usually considered as indicators of potential pollution in the water. Other coliform bacteria include Escherichia, Klebsiella, and E. coli. 
  • Effects on health 
    • This bacteria  can cause  many diseases such as gastrointestinal infections , skin and eye infections , typhoid , hepatitis A and respiratory problems . 

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)

• The CPCB was constituted as a statutory organisation in September 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 . 
• Thereafter, the Central Pollution Control Board was entrusted with powers and functions under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. 
• The Board also provides technical services to the Ministry of Environment and Forests under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.