Fund of Funds for Startups (FFS)

For Prelims: Startup, Government Intervention & Schemes in Startup Sector

For Mains: Startup Ecosystem and its Significance, Government Intervention

Why in News?

Recently, the Government of India has committed Rs. 7,385 crores under Fund of Funds for Startup India Investment, launched in 2016, for 88 Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs).

  • These AIFs, in turn, have invested Rs. 11,206 crores in 720 startups.

What is Fund of Funds for Startup?

  • About:
    • Fund of Funds is a mutual fund scheme that invests in other mutual fund schemes.
      • In this, the fund manager holds a portfolio of other mutual funds instead of directly investing in equities or bonds.
    • Under FFS, support is extended to Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) registered Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs), which in turn invest in startups.
    • FFS was announced with a corpus of Rs. 10,000 crore.
      • The corpus is to be built up over 14th and 15th Finance Commission Cycles (FY 2016-2020 and FY 2021-2025) through budgetary support by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce & Industry.
    • FFS has made capital available for startups at early stage, seed stage and growth stage.
      • It has also played a role in facilitating raising of domestic capital, reducing dependence on foreign capital and encouraging home grown and new venture capital funds.
  • Performance:
    • The amount committed under FFS has grown over the years recording a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of over 21% since the launch of the Scheme.
    • Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI), which is responsible for operationalising the Scheme, has undertaken a series of reforms recently to expedite the drawdowns to enable AIFs assisted under FFS to avail accelerated drawdowns.
      • This has resulted in a year-on-year surge of 100% in the amount of drawdowns.
    • FFS has helped anchor 67 AIFs out of 88 AIFs supported.
      • 38 of these are first time fund managers which is in line with FFS’s core objective of anchoring venture capital investments for Indian startups.
    • Performing startups supported through FFS are showing valuation increase by more than 10 times with a number of them even achieving unicorn status (valuation of over USD 1 billion).

What is Alternate Investment Funds AIF?

  • About:
    • Alternative Investment Fund or AIF means any fund established or incorporated in India, which is a privately pooled investment vehicle which collects funds from sophisticated investors, whether Indian or foreign, for investing it in accordance with a defined investment policy for the benefit of its investors.
    • Regulation 2(1)(b) of Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) Regulations (AIFs), 2012 lays down the definition of AIFs.
    • Through a company, or a Limited Liability Partnership (LLP), an Alternative Investment Fund can be established.
  • Categories:

What is the State of Startups in India?

  • About Startup:
    • The term startup refers to a company in the first stages of operations. Startups are founded by one or more entrepreneurs who want to develop a product or service for which they believe there is demand.
    • These companies generally start with high costs and limited revenue, which is why they look for capital from a variety of sources such as venture capitalists.
  • Status in India:
    • National Figure:
      • India has become the 3rd largest start-up ecosystem in the world after the US and China.
      • India is home to as many as 75,000 Startups.
      • 49% of start-ups are from tier-2 and tier-3 cities.
      • There are currently 105 unicorns, out of which 44 were born in 2021 and 19 in 2022.
      • Startups are also emerging in the fields like IT, agriculture, aviation, education, energy, health and space sectors.
    • Global Innovation Index:
      • India has been ranked in its global ranking of Global Innovation Index (GII) from 81st in the year 2015 to 46th in 2021 among 130 economies of the world.
      • India ranks 2nd among 34 lower-middle-income economies and 1st among 10 Central and Southern Asian economies in terms of GII.
    • Other Rankings:
      • Publications:
        • Globally ranked 3rd (2021) from 6th in 2013 based on the National Science Foundation database.
      • Patents:
        • Globally ranked 9th (2021) in terms of resident patent filing.
      • Quality of Research Publications:
        • Globally ranked 9th (2021) from 13th in 2013.
  • Initiatives for Startup:

UPSC Civil Services Examination, Previous Year Questions (PYQs)

Q. What does venture capital mean? (2014)

(a) A short-term capital provided to industries
(b) A long-term start-up capital provided to new entrepreneurs
(c) Funds provided to industries at times of incurring losses
(d) Funds provided for replacement and renovation of industries

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

  • Venture capital is a form of fund for a new or growing business. It usually comes from venture capital firms that specialize in building high risk financial portfolios.
  • With venture capital, the venture capital firm gives funding to the startup company in exchange for equity in the startup.
  • The people who invest this money are called venture capitalists (VCs). Venture capital investment is also referred as risk capital or patient risk capital, as it includes the risk of losing the money if the venture does not succeed and takes a medium to long term period for the investments to fructify.
  • Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer.

Source: PIB