Mains Practice Questions

Q. Bring out the socio-economic effects of the introduction of railways in different countries of the world. (150 Words, UPSC Mains 2023)

Q. Discuss the primary and secondary factors that contribute to the formation of ocean currents. How do these factors interact and influence the characteristics of ocean currents, and what are the global implications of these interactions? (250 Words)

Q. What do you understand about the "Glacial Lake Outburst Flood" (GLOF)? Discuss the causes and consequences of GLOFs in the Himalayan region? (250 Words)

Q. Discuss the major factors that influence the distribution of temperature, precipitation, and wind on the Earth’s surface. How do these factors vary across different climatic zones? (250 words)

Q. Discuss the concept of climate change and its implications on global ecosystems and human societies. Examine the key factors contributing to climate change and suggest measures to mitigate its adverse effects. (250 words)

Q. What are the main types and causes of soil erosion in India? How does it affect the environment and the economy of India? (150 words)

Q. What is urban heat island effect and what are its causes and consequences? Suggest some measures to mitigate the urban heat island effect in Indian cities. (150 words)

Q. Discuss the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and its impact on the climate and weather patterns of the Indian Ocean region. Examine the potential socio-economic and environmental consequences of positive and negative phases of IOD. (250 words)

Q. Discuss the impacts of permafrost thawing on global climate change and its implications. Suggest measures to mitigate the adverse effects of permafrost thawing. (150 Words)

Q. Cyclones are natural disasters that pose significant threats to coastal regions. Discuss the formation, characteristics, and impact of cyclones. (250 Words)

Q. Discuss the major tectonic and climatic factors responsible for the formation and evolution of the seven continents. How has geological history and plate tectonic movements shaped their physical and environmental characteristics?

Q. What is karst topography? Describe its characteristics and significance. (250 words)

Q. Discuss the impact of El Nino and La Nina on global weather patterns, and how do they affect the economy of countries in the tropics? (150 words)

Q. With reference to the recent incidents of land subsidence and landslides in the Himalayan states, what role do developmental activities play in the occurrence of such events? (150 words)

Q. How do geographical factors contribute to the formation of monsoon winds in India, and what is the impact of these winds on the region's climate and economy? (250 words)

Q. Evaluate the causes and impacts of changes in critical geographical features such as glaciers, coral reefs, wetlands and forests. How can we conserve and restore them? (250 words)

Q. Analyze the factors responsible for the location of software industry in India. How has this industry contributed to India’s economic growth and development? (250)

Q. “The Himalayas are not only India's natural borders but also a major source of water for India's rivers”. In the light of this statement discuss the importance of the Himalayan region for India and the challenges in preserving its ecology and environment. (150 words)

Q. Discuss the role of western disturbances in causing cold waves in India and explain how La Nina conditions can affect the severity of cold waves. (150 words)

Q. Discuss the concept of natural farming in India and its significance in ensuring food security and promoting sustainable agriculture. (150 words)

Q. Explain the impact of human activities on the Earth's physical geography. (150 words)

Q. What do you understand by western disturbances? Discuss their role in influencing climate in India. Discuss (150 words)

Q. With reference to the theory of plate tectonics, discuss the various types of plate tectonic boundaries around the world. (250 words)

Q. What benefits do projects like the offshore wind energy have in India? Discuss challenges and suggest measures to resolve them. (250 words)

Q. Highlight the significant role played by coral reefs in maintaining ocean ecosystems. Discuss the impact of climate change on corals. (150 words)

Q. Highlight the earthquake distribution in the world. Discuss the vulnerability of India to earthquake-related hazards. (250 Words)

Q. Explain the reasons for the decline of mangroves forest and discuss their significance in the preservation of coastal ecology. (250 words)

Q. Why is Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) needed? How does it help in navigation? (250 words)

Q. “Stubble burning destroys fodder, pollutes the air, causes respiratory diseases and worsens greenhouse”. In light of this statement discuss issues associated with Stubble Buring in India and suggest a way forward. (250 Words)

Q. The ideal solution of depleting ground water resources in India is water harvesting system. How can it be made effective in urban areas? (250 Words)