Towards Open and Secure Indo-Pacific

In a world undergoing dynamic transformation, few regions are changing more rapidly than the others like the Indo-Pacific region. It is indisputable that the Indo-Pacific is the 21^st century’s locus in trade and technology incubation that makes Indo-Pacific a prominent addition to the geopolitical lexicon.

In line, the security and stability of this region remains a major issue and goes beyond a mere consideration of emerging political equations. And to achieve open and secure Indo-Pacific, stakeholder nations need a 'collaborative management' approach.

What is the Significance of the Indo-Pacific?

• The Indo-Pacific region is one of the most populous and economically active regions of the world which includes four continents: Asia, Africa, Australia and America.
• The dynamism and vitality of the region is self-evident, 60% of the world's population and 2/3^rd of the global economic output makes this region a global economic centre.
• The region is also a great source and destination for Foreign Direct Investment. Many of the world’s critical and large supply chains have an Indo-Pacific connection.
• There are vast reserves of marine resources in the Indian and Pacific Oceans combined, including offshore hydrocarbons, methane hydrates, sea bed minerals and rare earth metals.
  • Sizable coastlines and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) provide littoral countries with competitive capabilities for exploiting these resources.
  • In turn, a number of the world's largest economies are located in the Indo-Pacific region, including India, U.S.A, China, Japan, Australia.

What are the Current Challenges in the Indo-Pacific?

• Theatre of Geo-Strategic Competition: Indo-Pacific is the principal theatre of geo-strategic competition between different multilateral institutions like QUAD and Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.
• China’s Militarization Move: China has been a challenge to India’s interests and stability in the Indian Ocean.
  • India's neighbours are receiving military and infrastructural assistance from China, including submarines for Myanmar, frigates for Sri Lanka, and its overseas military base in Djibouti (Horn of Africa).
  • Also, China has a hold over Hambantota port (Sri Lanka), which is just a few hundred miles off the shores of India.
• Hotspot For Non-Traditional Issues: The region's vastness makes it difficult to assess and address multiple risks, including incidents of piracy, trafficking and terrorism.
  • The Indo-Pacific region is facing serious challenges related to geographical and ecological stability due to climate change and the three consecutive La Niña events that are causing cyclones and tsunamis.
    • Also, illegal, unregulated and unreported (IUU) fishing and marine pollution is hampering the aquatic life of this region.
• India’s Limited Naval Capacity: Indian Navy has limited resources and capacity to strengthen its efforts because of limited allocation of Indian military budget. Also, lack of overseas military bases creates a fundamental logistical challenge for India to maintain its presence in the Indo-Pacific.

How can India Enhance its Presence in the Indo-Pacific?

• Issue based Coalitions: Indo-Pacific collaboration cannot be successful without coordinated and issue-based partnerships framed by a burden-sharing model.
  • Recently, three maritime nations, France, the UAE and India, launched a trilateral framework in the Indo-Pacific for cooperation in maritime security, humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR), blue economy, regional connectivity, energy and food security and people-to-people cooperation.
• Maritime Awareness: From Indian Naval perspective, there is a need to create broader and more reliable situational awareness of developments in the Indian Ocean Region through intelligence gathering and surveillance, with Andaman and Nicobar Islands as a line of sight.
• India’s Stand on Multipolarity in Indo-Pacific: With 1/5 of the world's population and the 5^th largest economy, India is entitled to have its own side, weigh its own interests, and make its own choices and these choices will not be cynical and transactional, but rather reflect a balance of Indian values and national interests.
  • India emphasises upon all alignment, for example, it only participated in the military component of Vostok Exercise and abstained from the naval component that took place near the Kuril Island (disputed region of Russian and Japan).
  • Also, India’s SAGAR vision (Security and Growth for all in the Region), is a template of shared responses to shared challenges in the Indo-Pacific.
• Enhancing Engagement with Indo-Pacific Countries: India needs to ramp up defence production at home as well as promote arms exports that will open the door for a more active Indian engagement with hard security issues in the Indo-Pacific.
  • India is now looking to liberalise trade relations with strategic partners like Australia and the sale of the Brahmos supersonic cruise missile systems to the Philippines lend a sharper edge to India’s engagement with the Indo-Pacific.
• Towards Free, Open and Secure Indo-Pacific: The need of the hour is to stress upon promoting economic collaboration and collective growth in Indo-Pacific, with active participation of stakeholder nations in economic and social front aiming for open, connected, prosperous, secure, and resilient Indo-Pacific and ensure a more inclusive and sustainable future.

Drishti Mains Question Indo-Pacific has become a prominent addition to the geopolitical lexicon in recent years. Explain how India can enhance its presence in this region.