Sambhav-2025

Approach Begin with an introduction on the constitutional framework for altering territorial boundaries in India. Analyze constitutional, political, and social impacts of boundary changes with focus on regional aspirations and ethnic identities using examples. Conclude suitably.

Introduction

The power to alter territorial boundaries in India lies with Parliament under Article 3 of the Constitution. This provision allows for the dynamic reorganization of states, enabling the Indian polity to address regional aspirations and ethnic diversity. However, such changes have significant constitutional and political implications.

Body

Constitutional Implications of Boundary Alteration:

• Parliamentary Supremacy:
  
  • Article 3 grants exclusive power to Parliament to reorganize states, reflecting the unitary tilt of the Indian Constitution.
  • Example: The creation of Telangana in 2014, despite resistance from Andhra Pradesh, highlights the central authority in territorial decisions.
• Federal Consultation:
  
  • The Constitution mandates that the views of the concerned state legislature be sought, but these are not binding. This raises debates on the balance between federal principles and unitary control.
  • Example: Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act (2019), where state approval was bypassed, intensified the debate on federalism.
• Safeguarding Sovereignty:
  
  • The central control over boundary changes ensures territorial integrity, preventing secessionist movements.
  • Example: Reorganization of northeastern states like Nagaland (1963) addressed insurgencies while maintaining sovereignty.

Political Implications of Boundary Alteration

• Addressing Regional Aspirations:
  
  • Boundary changes often stem from demands for better governance, cultural recognition, and equitable resource distribution.
  • Example: Uttarakhand, Jharkhand, and Chhattisgarh (2000) were created to address regional underdevelopment and administrative challenges.
• Identity Assertion:
  
  • Reorganization enables recognition of ethnic and linguistic identities, fostering inclusivity.
  • Example: Andhra Pradesh was formed in1953, on a linguistic basis, merging Telugu-speaking regions from Madras State to create a separate state for Telugu speakers.
• Rise of Identity Politics:
  
  • Alteration of boundaries can fuel ethnic polarization and identity-based politics, potentially undermining national integration.
  • Example: Demands for Gorkhaland and Bodoland have led to prolonged agitations and ethnic unrest.
• Challenges in Inter-State Relations:
  
  • Boundary disputes often arise after reorganization, straining relations between states.
  • Example: The Karnataka-Maharashtra border dispute over Belagavi remains unresolved, affecting political stability.

Conclusion

The Fazl Ali Commission recommended state reorganization on linguistic and cultural lines, balancing regional aspirations with national unity. This highlights India’s need for careful management to prevent fragmentation, ensure inclusive development, and uphold cooperative federalism through Union-state collaboration.