Sambhav-2025

Approach Define classical languages in the context of India. Examine the necessity and criteria for classifying languages as classical in India. Assess the effectiveness of government policies aimed at promoting these languages. Conclude Suitably.

Introduction

The designation of a language as classical is intended to recognize its historical significance and its role as a guardian of Bharat’s rich cultural and intellectual heritage. By recognizing these languages as classical, the government acknowledges their deep-rooted antiquity, vast literary traditions, and their invaluable contribution to the cultural fabric of the nation.

Body

Necessity for Classifying Languages as Classical

• Cultural Heritage Preservation: It ensures that the linguistic and cultural wealth of the past is acknowledged and safeguarded for future generations.
• Fostering Identity and Pride: Recognition as a classical language helps communities connect with their historical roots, fostering a sense of belonging and pride.
• Academic and Research Value: Classical languages are essential for academic research and studies in linguistics, literature, and history.

The criteria for classifying languages as classical were revised in 2024 as follows:

• High antiquity of its early texts/recorded history over a period of 1500- 2000 years.
• A body of ancient literature/texts, which is considered a heritage by generations of speakers.
• Knowledge texts, especially prose texts in addition to poetry, epigraphical and inscriptional evidence.
• The Classical Languages and literature could be distinct from its current form or could be discontinuous with later forms of its offshoots.

The Ministry of Education has taken various steps for advancing Classical Languages :

• In 2020, three Central Universities were established through an Act of Parliament to promote Sanskrit.
• The Central Institute of Classical Tamil was created to facilitate translating ancient Tamil texts, promoting research, and offering courses for university students and language scholars.
• The Centres for Excellence for studies in Classical Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam, and Odia were established under the auspices of the Central Institute of Indian Languages in Mysuru.
• Several national and international awards have been introduced to recognize and encourage achievements in the field of Classical Languages.
• The Ministry of Education included National Awards for Classical Languages, university chairs, and centers dedicated to promoting Classical Languages.

Conclusion

Classifying languages as classical is essential for recognizing their cultural significance and ensuring their preservation. However, further improvement is needed, including increased funding, community involvement, and enhanced educational outreach. The ongoing relevance of classical languages in India’s diverse society underscores the need for continuous support and recognition to keep this rich heritage alive.