Sambhav-2024

• Start the answer with a discussion that sets a context for the question.
• Discuss the significance of the Non-Cooperation Movement.
• Discuss Gandhi's rationale behind withdrawing from the movement.
• Conclude suitably.

Introduction

The Non-Cooperation Movement was a significant chapter in the Indian freedom struggle, representing a pivotal shift in the methods of resistance against British colonial rule. Launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920, the movement aimed to unite Indians across socio-economic and religious lines in a nonviolent protest against British policies.

Body

The significance of the Non-Cooperation Movement in the Indian freedom struggle:

• Mass-Based Movement: The Non-Cooperation Movement saw massive participation from people across different sections of society, including peasants, workers, students, and intellectuals.
  • It marked a shift from elite-led protests to a more inclusive and mass-based movement.
• Economic Boycott: The movement included a significant economic boycott, encouraging Indians to give up British goods and institutions.
  • This highlighted the economic strength of a united Indian populace.
• Boycott of British Institutions: This non-cooperation extended to educational institutions, legislative councils, and civil services, aiming to undermine the British administrative and economic structures in India.
• Symbol of Unity: The movement provided a platform for Hindus and Muslims to come together in a common cause against British rule, promoting Hindu-Muslim unity.
• Cultural Assertion: The Non-Cooperation Movement also served as a platform for the reaffirmation of Indian cultural identity and self-reliance.
  • The promotion of Khadi as a symbol of self-sufficiency was a significant cultural assertion.

Gandhiji's rationale behind withdrawing from the movement:

Gandhiji decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922 because of the following reasons:

• He felt that the movement was turning violent in many places, especially after the Chauri Chaura incident in 1922 where a mob set fire to a police station and killed several policemen.
  • The Chauri Chaura incident deeply troubled him, as he believed that the movement had deviated from the path of non-violence, which he considered essential for the success of the struggle.
• He believed that the satyagrahis (non-violent protesters) needed proper training and discipline before they were ready for a mass struggle.
• Moreover, he faced opposition from some Congress leaders who wanted to participate in the elections under the Government of India Act of 1919 and work for reforms within the councils.

Conclusion

The withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922 by Mahatma Gandhi left a sense of discontent and frustration among many citizens of India. Though the Non-Cooperation Movement's withdrawal led to discontent, it sparked reflection, paving the way for new strategies in later phases of the Indian independence struggle.