Sambhav-2024

Day 08 : How do the Council of Ministers and the Cabinet as bodies differ in their composition and functioning? (250 Words)

28 Nov 2023 | GS Paper 2 | Polity & Governance

Approach / Explaination / Answer

  • Begin by introducing both the bodies (CoM & Cabinet) and their provisions.
  • Discuss the differences between cabinet and CoM.
  • Conclude by summarizing the key points.

Introduction

  • The Council of Ministers and the Cabinet are two important bodies in the Indian political system. Though the cabinet is a part Council of Ministers, but it differs in composition and functioning. While the Council of Ministers is mentioned under Article 74 of the Constitution, cabinet is not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.

Body

Differences between Cabinet and Council of Ministers:

Basis for Comparison Cabinet
Council of Ministers
Meaning The Cabinet is a smaller body within the Council, comprising the most experienced and influential members formed to discuss and decide government policies The Council of Ministers is a body that advises the President on various matters and assists the Prime Minister in running the government
Status
Formerly not a constitutional body; obtained constitutional status through 44th amendment Act, 1978
Constitutional Body
Size Consists of 15-18 ministers Consists of 40-60 ministers
Division Subpart of the council
Council of ministers is divided into four categories, including the cabinet
Policy Making Performed by Cabinet Not performed by the council
Decisions Takes policy decisions and supervises implementation Implements decisions taken by the cabinet
Responsibility Enforces collective responsibility of the council to the lower chamber Collectively responsible to the lower house of Parliament

Powers
Exercises powers and acts on behalf of the council		 Vested with all powers, but in theory

Conclusion

The Council of Ministers is a broader body encompassing all ministers, while the Cabinet is a more exclusive group with greater decision-making authority. The Cabinet plays a crucial role in shaping and implementing government policies, while the Council of Ministers provides a forum for broader discussions and coordination among ministers.