Sambhav-2024

• Start the answer with a discussion that sets a context for the question.
• Analyze the role of legislative acts in the context of India's environmental governance.
• Mention the role of political initiatives in promoting ecological sustainability.
• Conclude suitably.

Introduction

India's environmental governance has evolved significantly over the years, with legislative acts and political initiatives playing a crucial role in promoting ecological sustainability. These measures have aimed to address various environmental challenges, including pollution, deforestation, and climate change, while also ensuring sustainable development.

Body

Legislative Acts:

• The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972:
  • This act provides for the protection of wildlife and their habitats, recognizing the importance of biodiversity conservation.
  • It has led to the establishment of protected areas like national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, contributing to ecological sustainability.
• The Forest Conservation Act, 1980:
  • This act regulates the diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes, ensuring the conservation of forests.
  • It has helped in reducing deforestation and promoting sustainable forest management practices.
• Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974:
  • This act provides a framework for environmental protection and pollution control. It has led to the establishment of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs), which regulate and monitor environmental pollution.
• Environmental Protection Act (1986):
  • Enacted to safeguard the environment and regulate activities impacting it, this act provides a legal framework for addressing pollution control, environmental clearance, and hazardous waste management.
• The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010:
  • This act established the National Green Tribunal (NGT) for effective and expeditious disposal of cases related to environmental protection and conservation.
  • The NGT has played a crucial role in addressing environmental issues and ensuring compliance with environmental laws.
• The Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification, 1991:
  • This notification regulates activities in coastal areas to protect the coastal environment and ecology.
  • It has helped in conserving coastal ecosystems and promoting sustainable development in coastal areas.

Political Initiatives:

• National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC):
  • Launched in 2008, NAPCC aims to address climate change issues through a comprehensive set of national strategies.
  • It includes missions like the National Solar Mission and the National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency, which promote renewable energy and energy efficiency.
  • Under the NAPCC, GIM focuses on enhancing forest cover and ecosystem services, afforestation, and sustainable management of forest resources to mitigate climate change and conserve biodiversity.
• Swachh Bharat Abhiyan:
  • Launched in 2014, this cleanliness campaign aims to achieve the vision of a 'Clean India.'
  • It has led to significant improvements in waste management practices, reducing pollution and promoting a healthier environment.
• International Solar Alliance (ISA):
  • India co-founded ISA in 2015 to promote solar energy deployment globally.
  • It aims to mobilize investment in solar energy projects, contributing to sustainable development and climate change mitigation.
• Clean Ganga Mission (Namami Gange):
  • Launched in 2014, this mission aims to rejuvenate the Ganga river by controlling pollution and promoting sustainable use of its resources.
  • It includes projects for sewage treatment, riverfront development, and public awareness.
  • The Namami Gange program, launched in 2014, exemplifies political commitment to rejuvenate the Ganga river basin through sewage treatment, riverfront development, and afforestation, albeit facing implementation challenges.
• Banning of Diesel Vehicles in Delhi:
  • The Supreme Court's intervention in banning diesel vehicles older than 10 years in Delhi highlighted the judiciary's role in addressing air pollution, prompting policy measures to promote cleaner fuels and public transport.

Conclusion

Legislative acts and political initiatives have played a significant role in promoting ecological sustainability in India. These measures have helped in conserving biodiversity, reducing pollution, and promoting sustainable development practices. However, challenges remain, and there is a need for continued efforts to ensure the long-term sustainability of India's environment.