Day 51 (6th January 2023) (Date : 06-01-2023)

Question 1:

Consider the following statements:

Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose were the main architects of the Indian National Conference.
Dadabhai Naoroji, R.C. Dutt, Dinshaw Wacha put forward the “Drain Theory” to explain the British exploitation of India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer : C

Explanation

Foundation of Indian National Congress:

A retired English civil servant, A.O. Hume mobilised leading intellectuals of the time and with them organised the first session of the Indian National Congress at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay in December 1885.
The Indian Association (IA) was formed in 1876 by Surendra Nath Banerjee and Anand Mohan Bose. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
- It represented the middle class and ryots. In 1883 a fund was raised by IA for constitutional agitation in India and England for this the Indian National Conference was organised in Calcutta.

Drain Theory:

The early nationalists, led by Dadabhai Naoroji, R.C. Dutt, Dinshaw Wacha and others, carefully analysed the political economy of British rule in India, and put forward the “drain theory” to explain British exploitation of India. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Question 2:

Consider the following pairs: 

	Personalities	Organizations
1.	Radhakanta Deb	First President of the British Indian Association
2.	Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty	Founder of the Madras Mahajana Sabha
3.	Surendranath Banerjee	Founder of the Indian Association

Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?

1 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer : B

Explanation

Radhakanta Deb (1784-1867) was a scholar and a leader of the Calcutta conservative Hindu society. Between 1822 and 1856, he published Shabda Kalpadruma, a dictionary of Sanskrit language in eight volumes. On the establishment of the British Indian Association in 1851, Radhakanta Deb was elected its president and remained in the post till his death. Hence, pair 1 is correctly matched.
Madras Mahajana Sabha was founded by M. Veeraraghavachariar, G. Subramania Iyer and P. Anand Charlu inMay 1884. The objective of the organization was to integrate various regional organizations working for the freedom struggle. Hence, pair 2 is not correctly matched.
Sir Surendranath Banerjee founded the Indian Association in July 1876 which was intended to be the centre of an all – India political movement. The first session of the National Conference was held in Calcutta on December 28th-30th 1883, and was attended by more than a hundred delegates from different parts of India. Hence, pair 3 is correctly matched.

Question 3:

Consider the following statements:

The novel Anand Math is concerned with the Sanyasi rebellion.
Major civil rebellions were narrow in the sense that they did not have any alternative to the prevailing social conditions.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer : C

Explanation

The series of civil rebellions, which run like a thread through the first 100 years of British rule, were often led by deposed rajas and nawabs or their descendants, uprooted and impoverished zamindars, landlords and poligars (landed military magnates in South India), and ex-retainers and officials of the con0quered Indian states.
Displaced peasants and demobilized soldiers of Bengal led by religious monks and dispossessed zamindars were the first to rise up in the sanyasi rebellion, made famous by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in his novel Anand Math. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
These almost continuous rebellions were massive in their totality, but were wholly local in their spread and isolated from each other.
- They were the result of local causes and grievances, and were also localized in their effects.
Socially, economically and politically, the semi-feudal leaders of these rebellions were backward looking and traditional in outlook.
- Their resistance represented no societal alternative. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Question 4:

Consider the following pairs:

	Association	Founder
1.	Indian Home Rule Society	Shyamji Krishna Verma
2.	Anushilan Samiti	V.D.Savarkar
3.	Abhinav Bharat	Promotha Mitter

Which of the above pair/(s) is/ are correctly matched?

1 only
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer : A

Explanation

Shyamji Krishna Varma established ‘Indian Home Rule Society’ in 1905 in London.
‘Anushilan Samiti’ was founded in 1902 in Calcutta by Pramod Mitter.
Abhinav Bharat was named after the ‘Abhinav Bharat Society’, an organisation founded by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar. Only pair 1 is correctly matched.
Hence, option (a) is correct.

Question 5:

Which among the following are not the moderate leaders of Indian freedom struggle?

Surendranath Banerjee
Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Krishna Kumar Mitra
Bipin Chandra Pal
Aurobindo Ghosh

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

2, 3 and 5 only
4 and 5 only
3, 4 and 5 only
1, 3, 4 and 5 only

Correct Answer : B

Explanation

The leaders of the first phase of the National movement (1885-1905) were known as moderate leaders. Moderates believed in constitutional means and worked within the framework of the law. Their methods include:
- Passing resolutions
- Persuasion
- Sending petitions and appeals.
The well-known moderate leaders were W.C Banerjee, Surendranath Banerjee, Dadabhai Naoroji, Pherozeshah Merwanjee Mehta, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya, Badruddin Tayabji, Justice Ranade, G. Subramania Iyer, Krishna Kumar Mitra, etc. Hence, (1), (2), and (3) are moderate leaders.
Gradually, over the years, the trend of militant nationalism (Extremism) had been growing in the country. It found expression in the movement against the partition of Bengal in 1905. 
From almost the beginning of the national movement, a school of militant nationalism had existed in the country. The school was represented by leaders like Rajnarain Bose, Ashwani Kumar Dutt, Aurobindo Ghosh in Bengal, Vishnushastri Chiplunker in Maharashtra. Later in the backdrop of the Anti-Partition movement, a brigade of extremist leaders led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai and Bipin Chandra Pal (famously known as Lal-Bal-Pal) took the centre stage in the National movement. Hence, (4) and (5) are extremist leaders.

Question 6:

Consider the following statements regarding Hatti Community:

They belong to Himachal Pradesh.
They are governed by a traditional council called khumbli.
They have been demanding Schedule Tribe status since 1967.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
2 only
3 only
1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer : D

Explanation

The Hattis is a close-knit community that got their name from their tradition of selling homegrown vegetables, crops, meat, and wool, etc. at small markets called ‘haat’ in towns.
- The Hatti homeland straddles the Himachal-Uttarakhand border in the basin of the Giri and Tons rivers, Hence,statement 1 is correct.
The Hattis are governed by a traditional council called ‘khumbli’ which, like the ‘khaps’ of Haryana, decides community matters.
The Khumbli’s power has remained unchallenged despite the establishment of the Panchayati raj system, Hence, statement 2 is correct.
They have been demanding Schedule Tribe status since 1967 when tribal status was accorded to people living in Jaunsar Bawar in Uttarakhand, which shares a border with the Sirmaur district. Hence statement 3 is correct.
Issue:
- Due to topographical disadvantages, the Hattis living in the Kamrau, Sangrah, and Shilliai areas of Himachal Pradesh have lagged behind in both education and employment.

Question 7:

Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Efficacy of Antibiotics’:

To revitalize the efficacy of existing antibiotics scientists are using antibiotics in combination with antibiotic adjuvants.
Antibiotic efficacy can be boosted by altering the bacteria's metabolic activity.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer : C

Explanation

Scientists have developed a new approach to revitalize the efficacy of existing antibiotics.
Antibiotics were combined with antibiotic adjuvants, which are substances that can help to counter antibiotic resistance. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
Antibiotic adjuvants are nonantibiotic compounds that enhance antibiotic activity either by blocking resistance or by boosting the host response to infection.
Antibiotics disrupt energy-intensive processes.
Antibiotics change the metabolic status of bacteria, which results in their eventual death. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Question 8:

Which of the following best describes Fiberisation?

Connecting radio towers with each other via optical fibre cables.
Optical amplification to reduce the need for repeaters.
Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (WDM) to increase data capacity.
None of the above.

Correct Answer : A

Explanation

The process of connecting radio towers with each other via optical fibre cables is called fiberisation. Hence, option A is correct.
- The backhaul is a component of the larger transport that is responsible for carrying data across the network.
- It represents the part of the network that connects the core of the network to the edge.
- It is necessary to increase the density of mobile towers to provide better coverage to consumers and businesses.
The action of enhancing or boosting the power of an electromagnetic (EM) light wave, thereby reducing the need for repeaters is referred to as optical amplification.
The technique of multiplexing multiple optical carrier signals through a single optical fiber channel by varying the wavelengths of laser lights is known as Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (WDM).
- It is aimed at increasing data capacity.
- It allows communication in both directions in the fiber cable.

Question 9:

With reference to Monkeypox disease, consider the following statements?

It is a viral zoonotic disease with symptoms similar to smallpox.
It has been recently declared as a global health emergency by the World Health Organisation (WHO).
There is no specific treatment or vaccine available for this infection.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
3 only
1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer : D

Explanation

The World Health Organisation (WHO) has declared a Global Health Emergency and sounded the highest alarm on the Monkeypox Virus. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
Monkeypox is a viral zoonotic disease with symptoms similar to smallpox, although with less clinical severity. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
The infection was first discovered in 1958 following two outbreaks of a pox-like disease in colonies of monkeys kept for research — which led to the name ‘monkeypox’.
Symptoms:
- Infected people break out in a rash that looks a lot like chicken pox. But the fever, malaise, and headache from Monkeypox are usually more severe than in chicken pox infection.
- In the early stage of the disease, Monkeypox can be distinguished from smallpox because the lymph gland gets enlarged.
Transmission:
- Primary infection is through direct contact with the blood, bodily fluids, or cutaneous or mucosal lesions of an infected animal. Eating inadequately cooked meat of infected animals is also a risk factor.
- Human-to-human transmission can result from close contact with infected respiratory tract secretions, skin lesions of an infected person or objects recently contaminated by patient fluids or lesion materials.
- Transmission can also occur by inoculation or via the placenta (congenital monkeypox).
Vulnerability:
- It spreads rapidly and can cause one out of ten deaths if infected.
Treatment and Vaccine:
- There is no specific treatment or vaccine available for Monkeypox infection. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
But the European Union has recommended a Small Pox Vaccine, Imvanex to treat monkeypox after the WHO declared monkeypox a global health emergency.

Question 10:

Consider the following statements regarding ‘Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies’:

A high seas fishing subsidy program was included in the agreement.
Special and Differential Treatment (S&DT) is not applicable in this agreement.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer : D

Explanation

The Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies prohibits providing subsidies for fishing on high seas, which are outside the jurisdiction of coastal countries and Regional Fisheries Management Organizations. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
It will prohibit subsidies from being provided for Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing and overfished stocks.
It will eliminate the subsidies granted to fishing vessels or fishing operators engaged in IUU fishing.
A two-year transition time from the date of this Agreement's entry into force has been granted to Developing and least developed nations (LDCs) under the Special and Differential Treatment (S&DT) clause. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.