Mains Practice Questions

Q. How has India's approach to environmental governance evolved since the Stockholm Conference 1972? Also highlight their impacts on biodiversity conservation. (150 words)

Q. "Urban biodiversity management is as crucial as protecting wilderness areas." In light of this statement, evaluate India's initiatives to preserve biodiversity in metropolitan areas. Cite successful examples. (250 words)

Q. Groundwater depletion is a growing concern in many parts of India. Evaluate the factors contributing to this issue and discuss sustainable water management practices that can address this problem. (150 words)

Q. Analyze the effectiveness of the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) in addressing urban air pollution in India. What additional measures can be implemented to improve air quality in major metropolitan areas? (250 words)

Q. The concept of 'nature-based solutions' is gaining traction globally. Discuss how India can effectively incorporate this approach in its environmental policy and biodiversity conservation efforts. (150 words)

Q. Discuss the solid waste management scenario in India. Highlight the challenges and opportunities in achieving a sustainable waste management system. (250 words)

Q. Discuss how India can mainstream biodiversity conservation in all relevant sectors of development to achieve long term sustainability. (250 words)

Q. Explain the ecological and economic impacts of invasive species and discuss strategies for their control and eradication. (150 words)

Q. As human settlements expand and encroach on wildlife habitats, conflicts between humans and wild animals are increasing. Suggest measures for promoting coexistence between humans and wildlife. (250 words)

Q. Climate change and biodiversity loss are intricately linked. Discuss potential solutions for addressing both challenges simultaneously. (150 words)

Q. Discuss the principles and potential benefits of Zero Budget Natural Farming for sustainable agriculture in India, considering both ecological and economic aspects. (150 words)

Q. Discuss the strategic, environmental, and international implications of a nation's nuclear programme, considering its impact on global security and diplomacy. (250 Words)

Q. Discuss the causes, consequences, and global efforts to mitigate ozone depletion. How can international cooperation address this environmental challenge effectively? (250 Words)

Q. Critically assess the future prospects of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in the context of evolving global climate change scenarios. (250 Words)

Q. Investigate the factors contributing to the escalation of plastic pollution in the IHR (Indian Himalayan Region). What steps need to be taken to mitigate the crisis in the region? (250 words)

Q. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) reconciles the need for economic growth with environmental preservation. Comment. (250 Words)

Q. How can Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) contribute to balancing economic development goals with pollution abatement strategies? (150 Word)

Q. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has predicted a global sea level rise of about one metre by AD 2100. What would be its impact in India and the other countries in the Indian Ocean region? (Answer in 250 words, UPSC Mains 2023)

Q. Comment on the National Wetland Conservation Programme initiated by the Government of India and name a few of India’s wetlands of international importance included in the Ramsar Sites. (Answer in 250 words, UPSC Mains 2023)

Q. Explain the formation and characteristics of winter smog in the context of India. What strategies would you recommend for mitigating and controlling winter smog in Indian metropolitan areas? (250 words)

Q. Discuss the potential benefits and challenges of methanol-based economy in India. What are the key factors that need to be considered for the successful implementation of a methanol economy to address energy and environmental concerns in the country? (250 words)

Q. What constitutes air pollution, particularly in the context of stubble burning? What measures can be implemented to mitigate its effects? (250 words)

Q. Discuss the environmental concerns associated with fossil fuel based vehicles and evaluate the effectiveness of policy initiatives in addressing these concerns. What further steps should be taken to mitigate the environmental impact of fossil fuel based vehicles in India? (250 Words)

Q. What are the main threats to biodiversity in India? How can the concept of biodiversity hotspots help in conserving the rich and diverse flora and fauna of the country? (250 words)

Q. Critically examine the role of dams in India's water and energy security and discuss the challenges and opportunities for sustainable dam development in the context of climate change. (250 words)

Q. What is the 30*30 initiative and what are its implications for biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation? Discuss the challenges and opportunities for India in achieving this target. (250 words)

Q. In the recently presented Union Budget 2023-24, the government has introduced a scheme called "MISHTI" aimed at preserving mangroves. Discuss the significance of mangroves in addressing climate change and examine how this scheme will contribute to the conservation of mangroves in India. (250 words)

Q. Discuss the significance of biodiversity conservation in India and the steps taken by the government to preserve it. Also, evaluate the effectiveness of these measures in protecting the country's rich biodiversity. (250 words)

Q. Recently, the government has released the Tiger Census 2022 which showed a significant increase in tiger population in India. Discuss the significance Project Tiger and also, discuss the reasons of decline in tiger population in western ghats, outlined by the tiger census 2022. (250 words).

Q. What is the impact of overfishing on the environment and what steps can be taken to protect marine life and restore fish populations?