Mains Practice Questions

Introduction

Indian classical dance forms, as codified in Bharatamuni’s Natya Shastra (2nd century BCE), are more than performance arts; they are sacred expressions where tradition meets metaphysics, and aesthetics meets devotion. Each form embodies bhakti, dharma, and cosmic rhythm, making dance a spiritual and cultural continuum.

Body

Classical Dance: Beyond Artistry

• Philosophical Symbolism: Bharatanatyam, rooted in Shaivite and Vaishnavite traditions, reflects cosmic principles, its sequence from Alarippu to Tillana symbolizes the five elements (Pancha Bhutas).
  • Odissi, associated with the Jagannath cult, incorporates the Tribhangi posture, representing the union of body, mind, and spirit.
  • Kathakali narrates epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana using stylized mudras and devotional music, reflecting deep bhakti traditions.
• Fusion of Tradition and Ritual Practice: Kathak, originating from the Katha-vachak tradition of North India, blends Hindu and Sufi devotional themes, especially in Krishna-Radha narratives.
  • Kuchipudi, from Andhra Pradesh, evolved from the Bhagavatamela tradition; performances like Bhama Kalapam serve as both storytelling and religious expression.
  • Sattriya, introduced by Srimanta Sankardeva, is performed in Vaishnavite monasteries of Assam as an integral part of spiritual practice.
• Cultural and Civilizational Continuity: These dances preserve regional languages, mythologies, attire, and music traditions, while reflecting pan-Indian unity in diversity.
  • Koodiyattam, Odissi, Kathak, and other forms are recognized by UNESCO as part of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

Conclusion

Indian classical dances are living philosophies, harmonizing regional customs, religious narratives, and metaphysical thought. As part of UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage, their preservation strengthens India’s soft power and civilizational depth. Promoting these art forms can ensure cultural continuity.