Mains Practice Questions

Introduction

The measure of a civilization is not merely its technological advancement or economic prosperity, but its treatment of the most vulnerable among us.

• Mahatma Gandhi’s assertion that a nation’s moral progress is inextricably linked to its animal welfare is a profound reflection on this truth.
  • India, a land steeped in spiritual and philosophical traditions that venerate life in all its forms, presents a complex web of ethical practices and challenges in the realm of animal welfare.

Body

Ethical Dimensions of Animal Welfare

• Ahimsa and Compassion: India's rich philosophical tradition of Ahimsa (non-violence) has deeply ingrained the value of compassion towards all living beings.
  • The reverence for cows, as exemplified by the concept of 'Gau Mata' (Mother Cow), is a testament to this ethos.
  • The Jain community's practice of 'Apragraha' (non-possession) to avoid harming even the smallest creatures, exemplifies it.
• Interconnectedness and Ecological Balance: The Hindu and Buddhist philosophies emphasize the interconnectedness of all life forms.
  • Animals are considered integral to the ecological balance, and their well-being is essential for human prosperity.
  • Example: The sacred groves and forests, often inhabited by diverse wildlife, are revered as abodes of deities.
• Duty and Responsibility: The concept of 'Dharma' (duty) mandates ethical conduct towards all beings.
  • Humans are considered caretakers of the planet and its inhabitants.
  • Example: The practice of 'Pashu-hatya Niwaran' (prevention of animal slaughter) in certain regions reflects a sense of duty towards animals.
• Social Justice and Equality: The principle of 'Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam' (the world is one family) extends to all living creatures.
• Animal welfare is inherently linked to social justice, as it challenges the exploitation of vulnerable beings.

Socio-Cultural and Economic Realities

• Cultural Challenges: Deep-rooted cultural practices, like bullfighting and animal sacrifices, pose significant challenges to animal welfare.
  • Traditional beliefs about certain animals, such as the perception of dogs as unclean, hinder their protection.
  • Example: The practice of using animals in rituals like Jallikattu, despite causing suffering, persists in some regions.
• Economic Constraints: Poverty and economic disparities often lead to the exploitation of animals for subsistence or profit.
  • Lack of resources for animal care and enforcement of animal welfare laws is a pressing issue.
  • Example: The overworking of draught animals in rural areas due to economic pressures.
• Legal Framework and Enforcement: While India has enacted laws to protect animals, their implementation is often lax.
  • Corruption and lack of awareness among the public hinder effective enforcement.
  • Example: The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, though existing, is not strictly implemented in many parts of the country.

Way Forward

• Strengthening Legal Framework: Effective implementation of animal welfare laws with stringent penalties is crucial.
• Raising Awareness: Educating the public about the ethical dimensions of animal welfare and the legal framework is essential.
• Promoting Humane Alternatives: Encouraging the development and adoption of humane alternatives in areas like entertainment, agriculture, and research.
• Empowering Animal Welfare Organizations: Supporting NGOs working for animal welfare and collaborating with them for effective interventions.
• Integrating Animal Welfare into Development: Incorporating animal welfare considerations into development policies and programs.

Conclusion

India's journey towards becoming a truly compassionate and progressive nation is inextricably linked to its treatment of animals. By upholding the ethical principles of Ahimsa, interconnectedness, duty, and social justice, India can create a society where animal welfare is prioritized.