Mains Practice Questions

Approach

• Begin by providing a brief overview of the concept of urbanization.
• Discuss how Urbanisation lead to segregation of poor and how it leads to marginalization.
• Conclude by reinforcing the idea that a holistic and inclusive approach is necessary to address the complexities associated with urbanization.

Introduction

Urbanization in India has become an inescapable ordeal.The model of building a developed city comprises unplanned development, which only bolsters the dichotomy prevailing in urban cities between the rich and the poor. Although segregation and marginalization differ from region to region.

Body

How Urbanisation lead to segregation of poor:

• Income Disparities: Urbanization often results in income inequalities, with limited affordable housing options for the poor, leading to spatial segregation.
• Inadequate Housing Policies: Poorly planned urbanization and inadequate housing policies can lead to the concentration of slums
• Employment Opportunities: The concentration of employment opportunities in specific urban areas can force the poor to settle in marginalized neighborhoods due to job proximity.
• Social Stigma: Social biases and stigma can play a role in segregating the poor as they are often pushed to the peripheries of urban centers.

How urbanization leads to marginalization:

• Lack of Social Services: Inadequate provision of essential services like healthcare, education, and sanitation in urban slums further marginalizes the urban poor.
• Land Displacement: Urban development projects often displace poor communities without proper compensation or alternative housing options.
• Health Disparities: Overcrowded and unsanitary living conditions in slums contribute to health issues, with limited access to quality healthcare exacerbating the problem.
• Social Discrimination: The urban poor may face discrimination and social exclusion based on their economic status and background.

Government Initiatives to tackle segregation and marginalization of poor:

• Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana
• Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation
• Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana

Conclusion

Though steps are being taken at various levels, success of these will depend on better policy implementation ,community participation and continuous advocacy for the rights of the urban poor.