Mains Practice Questions

Approach

• Start your answer by briefly providing rise of China.
• Discuss possible future scenario of China’s rise.
• Conclude accordingly.

Introduction

• The rise of China as a global power has been one of the most significant developments in the international system in recent times. With its growing economic and military capabilities, China is challenging the existing order dominated by Western powers.

Body

• Background:
  • China's rise as a global power has been fueled by its economic growth, which has been among the highest in the world over the past few decades. The country's economy has grown at an average annual rate of 9.5% since 1978, resulting in a significant increase in its GDP.
    • Its large population, abundant natural resources, and strategic location have also contributed to its emergence as a major power.
      • In addition, China has been investing heavily in its military, with a focus on developing advanced technology and modernizing its armed forces.
• Current State of the International System:
  • The current international system is characterized by a global power structure dominated by the United States and its Western allies. This system is based on liberal democratic values, free trade, and a rules-based order.
    • However, this order is increasingly being challenged by China, which is seeking to reshape the international system in its own image.
• Possible Future Scenarios of International Systems:
  • China as a Revisionist Power:
    • In this scenario, China will continue to challenge the existing international order and seek to establish a new order based on its own values and interests.
      • This could lead to increased tensions with the United States and other Western powers, as they resist China's attempts to reshape the international system. China could use its economic and military power to coerce other countries into accepting its vision of the world order.
        • For example, China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) aims to establish a network of trade and infrastructure projects across Asia, Africa, and Europe, which could give China significant economic and political leverage over participating countries.
  • China as a Status Quo Power:
    • In this scenario, China will seek to maintain the existing international order and work within the established rules and institutions.
      • China will continue to pursue economic growth and development but will not challenge the dominant position of the United States and its allies.
      • China could use its economic power to enhance its influence in international organizations, such as the United Nations and the World Trade Organization, and work with other countries to address global challenges such as climate change and terrorism.
  • A Bipolar World:
    • In this scenario, the international system will be dominated by two major powers, the United States and China, with other countries aligning themselves with one or the other.
      • This could lead to increased competition and conflict between the two powers, as they vie for influence and power in different regions of the world.
        • This scenario could also lead to a new arms race, as both powers seek to maintain military parity with each other.

Conclusion

• The rise of China as a global power is one of the most significant developments in the international system in recent times. The future of the international system is likely to be shaped by China's actions and decisions.
  • While there are several possible scenarios that could emerge, the existing international order is being challenged by China's rise. It remains to be seen how the United States and other Western powers will respond to this challenge and how the international system will evolve in the coming years.