Mains Practice Questions

Case Study

A new and ambitious District Magistrate (DM) was recently appointed in a district plagued by severe water scarcity and recurring farmer suicides. During his initial field visits, he observed widespread illegal extraction of groundwater by industries, which exacerbated the crisis in rural areas. Despite a Supreme Court directive banning unregulated groundwater extraction, the industries continued to exploit resources, often bribing local officials to evade scrutiny.

One day, during a surprise inspection, the DM sealed a major industrial plant violating water extraction laws. Soon after, he began receiving veiled threats from influential industrialists and even faced indirect pressure from senior bureaucrats to revoke his action. The DM also discovered that the illegal activities were intertwined with the livelihoods of many low-income workers employed by these industries, creating a social and ethical conflict. As public protests against the plant's closure gained momentum, the DM was faced with a challenging decision: to uphold the law and protect long-term water security or to consider the immediate economic impact on local workers and their families.

(a) Identify the ethical dilemmas faced by the DM.

(b) What options are available to the DM in this situation?

(c) Suggest the most appropriate course of action with justifications.

Q. Evaluate the philosophical challenges posed by technological advancements to traditional concepts of administrative ethics and accountability. (150 words)

Q. In what ways does APJ Abdul Kalam's life reflect the principles of scientific temper and dedication to national development? (150 words)

Case Study

Ravi, a Senior Manager in a government infrastructure project, is facing severe pressure to meet deadlines for a highway construction project vital to regional connectivity. Delays caused by land acquisition issues and contractor inefficiency have attracted sharp criticism from higher-ups, with a warning of possible suspension if targets are not met. Amid this, a private consultant approaches Ravi, offering insider information on upcoming regulatory clearances that could expedite approvals, provided Ravi ensures the consultant’s engagement on lucrative terms. Simultaneously, Ravi discovers financial irregularities in subcontractor invoices but worries that taking action might further delay the project and bring negative publicity to his team and organization.

Ravi is now caught between conflicting responsibilities: maintaining personal integrity, ensuring timely project completion, and safeguarding his career. Ravi must critically assess his options, balancing the organizational need for efficiency with adherence to ethical principles, while protecting the project’s credibility and his professional reputation.

(a) Identify and discuss the ethical dilemmas faced by Anil Kumar in this situation.

(b) Examine the possible courses of action available to Anil and evaluate their pros and cons.

(c) Recommend the most ethical and professionally appropriate course of action for Anil, justifying your choice.

Q. Analyze the potential long-term consequences of eroding non-partisanship in public institutions. How does this impact democratic governance and public trust? (150 words)

Q. "Moral courage is the highest form of accountability." Discuss the ethical dilemmas faced by civil servants in challenging administrative environments. (150 words)

Case Study

You are the Municipal Commissioner of a rapidly growing city facing an acute water crisis due to depleting groundwater levels and inadequate water supply infrastructure. To address this, the state government has launched an ambitious project to construct a reservoir and implement a pipeline network to provide water to all households. The project has strict deadlines as it is being funded by an international agency that requires completion within 18 months. However, during the land acquisition process for the reservoir, several tribal families residing in the area protest, claiming that they were not adequately consulted, and their traditional livelihoods are at stake. Simultaneously, an environmental group files a petition in the court, alleging that the project will destroy a critical wildlife corridor. The contractors involved in the pipeline construction also complain of delayed payments, which is slowing down progress. The media has begun portraying the project as a failure, and public pressure is mounting. You are tasked with resolving these issues, ensuring the timely completion of the project while addressing the concerns of all stakeholders.

1. Who are the stakeholders involved in this case?

2. What are the ethical issues involved in this case?

3. What will be your course of action to resolve the issues and ensure the project's timely completion while addressing stakeholder concerns?

Q. Discuss the relevance of Confucian ethics in promoting social harmony and administrative efficiency in modern governance systems. (150 words)

Q. Discuss the relationship between power, knowledge, and compassion. How do institutional narratives constitute and limit the potential for genuine ethical engagement? (150 words)

Case Study

You are the District Election Officer (DEO) in a politically sensitive district in India, where a local election is taking place. Just days before the election, a deepfake video of one of the leading candidates emerges, showing them making controversial comments about a particular community. The video is quickly shared across social media platforms, leading to widespread misinformation, increased tension between local communities, and several violent protests. The police are struggling to control the situation, and the election authorities are under immense pressure to address the issue.

As the DEO, you are tasked with managing the situation effectively. You must coordinate with local law enforcement, social media companies, and other stakeholders to contain the spread of the video and restore peace in the district. You also need to ensure that such incidents are prevented in the future while safeguarding the integrity of the election process.

1. What are the stakeholders involved in this situation?

2. What are the laws in place to curb deepfake?

3. What steps will you take to stop the spread of the deep fake video and calm the situation?

Q. Discuss the importance of emotional intelligence in public leadership. Analyze how emotional self-regulation and social awareness can mitigate administrative challenges. (150 words)

Q Swami Vivekananda emphasized the harmony of spiritual and material values for societal progress. Examine the relevance of his philosophy in tackling modern-day ethical dilemmas. (150 words)

Case Study

You are a newly appointed Medical Superintendent at a government hospital in a tier-2 city, having achieved this position after years of dedicated service. The hospital recently received a substantial grant to establish a state-of-the-art cardiac care unit, a crucial facility as the nearest cardiac center is 200 kilometers away. During the procurement process for medical equipment, you discover that your immediate superior, the Director of Health Services, in collaboration with certain contractors, has inflated the equipment costs by 40% through manipulated tenders. The difference amounts to approximately Rs.12 crores, which could have been used to upgrade the pediatric ward that desperately needs ventilators.

When you raise this issue, the Director reminds you of your recent appointment and the fact that your spouse, also a doctor, was just transferred to this city after a three-year separation. He suggests that "administrative harmony" is crucial for your family's stability. Meanwhile, a reputed medical equipment supplier privately approaches you with documented evidence of the tender manipulation. You also learn that similar practices have been overlooked by your predecessors to "keep the system running." Now, you find your caught between ethical obligations and personal stability, and need to find a way out of this situation.

1. What are the stakeholders involved in this situation?

2. What are the ethical issues involved in this case?

3. What course of action would you take as the Medical Superintendent to address this situation effectively?

Q. "Conscience is a necessary but insufficient guide for ethical conduct in public service." Discuss (150 words)

Q. "Objectivity in public service requires acknowledging one's own biases." Do you agree? Illustrate with examples. (150 words)

Case Studies

Rajesh Kumar, an IAS officer, has recently assumed the role of District Collector in an aspirational district of Madhya Pradesh. During his review of MGNREGA projects, he uncovers serious discrepancies, including incomplete projects and wage diversions to fake job cards. He finds that the local MLA, chairing the District Vigilance Committee, has been approving projects without proper verification, while a group of villagers confidentially shares evidence of corruption involving Panchayat officials and contractors. Notably, the previous Collector was swiftly transferred when attempting to investigate similar issues, and the influential MLA, closely connected to the Chief Minister, subtly suggests that cooperation could secure Rajesh’s tenure and potential rewards.

As Rajesh grapples with the situation, a local activist group files an RTI on these projects and threatens media exposure. They offer to share comprehensive corruption documentation but appear motivated by upcoming Panchayat elections. Rajesh faces a dilemma: conducting a thorough investigation would fulfill his duty but may provoke political backlash, impact his career, and risk disrupting ongoing development. Ignoring these irregularities, however, would perpetuate corruption and betray the trust of vulnerable villagers relying on MGNREGA for their livelihood.

Questions:

a) What are the stakeholders involved in this situation?

b) What are the core ethical issues confronting Rajesh in this situation?

c) What course of action should Rajesh adopt to navigate the situation?

Q. "Ethical behavior is both taught and caught." Examine this statement in the context of role modeling in families and its impact on moral development. (150 words)

Q. What are the key determinants of ethical behavior in human interactions? Discuss how understanding these determinants can help in promoting ethical conduct in public service. (150 words)

Case Studies

Ravi is the Director of Research and Development (R&D) at a leading pharmaceutical company. The company is on the verge of launching a new drug that has shown promising results in clinical trials. Ravi's team has been tasked with selecting a contract research organization (CRO) to conduct the final phase of trials. He notices that his sister, who runs a CRO that specializes in clinical trials, has submitted a bid for the contract.

While Ravi knows that his sister’s CRO has a good reputation, he is also aware that her company has struggled to secure contracts recently due to increased competition. Selecting her company would help her financially but could also raise concerns about nepotism and compromise the integrity of the trial process. The company's board trusts Ravi’s judgment and allows him to make the final decision.

Questions:

(a) In what ways could Ravi's personal connection to the CRO impact ethical considerations in the research process?

(b) What course of action should Ravi take?

(c) How can Ravi justify his decision?

Priya Singh is an IAS officer serving as District Collector in a politically sensitive district. During a severe pandemic outbreak, her district receives a limited supply of life-saving vaccines. The official guidelines mandate prioritizing healthcare workers and elderly citizens for vaccination.

However, the local MLA, who belongs to the ruling party, demands that 40% of vaccines be diverted to his constituency for "priority distribution." He threatens to file false corruption charges against Priya if she doesn't comply. Additionally, Priya's spouse works as the MLA's personal secretary, placing her in a challenging personal situation as the MLA has been threatening her husband's job.

The dilemma intensifies when she discovers that the MLA plans to use these vaccines for political gain by distributing them only to his party workers and supporters, potentially denying access to more vulnerable citizens in other areas.

1. Identify the stakeholders involved.

2. Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.

3. What options are available to Priya and how should she navigate the situation?

Q. "Family remains the first school of ethics, but its role is increasingly being challenged by other social institutions." Examine the changing dynamics of moral education in contemporary society. (150 words)

Q. "Tolerance without compassion can lead to indifference." Examine this statement in the context of civil servants' responsibility towards weaker sections of society. (150 words)

Case Study

Priya, a dedicated IPS officer known for her integrity, is appointed as the Superintendent of Police in a district with a high crime rate and significant political interference. Despite facing frequent transfers, she uncovers evidence of the local MLA’s involvement in a human trafficking ring. The MLA has strong ties with the state's Home Minister, complicating her efforts to act without political pressure.

A senior journalist offers Priya additional incriminating information and proposes publishing an exposé if she confirms the investigation. He hints that it could boost her career and secure a prestigious posting. However, Priya is wary of potential professional retaliation, the journalist's motives, and the risk of compromising the investigation by leaking details prematurely. She faces a dilemma between taking bold action or protecting the integrity of the investigation.

1. What are the stakeholders involved in the situation?

2. What are the ethical dilemmas in front of Priya?

3. As a principled police officer, what options are available to Priya in this situation, and which course of action would be the most appropriate?

Q. Probity and integrity are often used interchangeably in public service discourse. Examine the subtle differences between these concepts and their implications for ethical governance. (150 words)

Q. The principle of 'Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam' is deeply rooted in Indian philosophy. Examine its relevance and ethical implications in shaping India's foreign policy in an era of increasing global polarization. (150 words)

Case Study

Dr. Sharma, a senior scientist at a renowned biotechnology company, leads a research team developing a drug to treat a rapidly spreading variant of a new viral infectious disease. With cases increasing worldwide and in India, there's immense pressure on Dr. Sharma's team to expedite the drug trials. The company seeks to capitalize on the significant market potential and gain a first-mover advantage.

During a team meeting, senior members propose shortcuts to accelerate the clinical trials and secure quick approvals. These include manipulating data to exclude negative outcomes and selectively report positive results, bypassing informed consent procedures, and using patented compounds from a rival company instead of developing their own. Dr. Sharma feels uncomfortable with these shortcuts but realizes that meeting the targets is impossible without employing such means. She now faces a difficult decision that pits scientific integrity and patient safety against market pressures and the urgent need for a treatment.

1. Who are the stakeholders involved in this situation?

2. What are the ethical dilemmas faced by Dr. Sharma?

3. What course of action should Dr. Sharma take in this scenario?

Q. Discuss the concept of ethical blindness and its potential impact on public service delivery. How can organizations foster ethical awareness to prevent such blindness? (150 words)

Q. Discuss the ethical implications of social media on individual privacy and public accountability. (150 words)

Case Study

Rajiv is a Senior Engineer at a prestigious government research laboratory, overseeing the development of cutting-edge satellite technology for improved weather forecasting and disaster prediction. As project lead, he's responsible for selecting components and materials. While reviewing supplier proposals, Rajiv notices his sister's struggling startup has submitted a competitive bid with innovative solutions that could enhance the satellite's performance.

Rajiv is aware that awarding the contract to his sister's company could save it from bankruptcy, but it might also raise questions of nepotism and compromise the selection process's integrity. The laboratory management fully trusts Rajiv and would support his decision. He now faces a dilemma between his professional obligations and his desire to help his sister's business, knowing that his choice could have significant implications for the project's success, his personal relationships, and the ethical standards of government contracting.

1. Who are the stakeholders involved in this situation?

2. What are the ethical dilemmas involved in this case?

3. What should be the course of action for Rajiv to resolve this issue?

Q. "Ethical leadership often requires making difficult decisions that may be unpopular in the short term but beneficial in the long run." Discuss this statement with relevant examples. (150 words)