Mains Marathon

Approach

• Discuss the meaning of the above statement by Sunderlal Bahuguna.
• Discuss how there is an interdependence between environment and economy.
• Conclude accordingly.

Answer:

Sunderlal Bahuguna (1927 - 2021) was an eminent Indian environmentalist and social activist who dedicated his life to the conservation of forests and the rights of marginalized communities, particularly in the Himalayan region. He is best known for his role as a pioneer of the Chipko Movement, which gained significant attention in the 1970s.

• "Ecology is permanent economy" is given by Sunderlal Bahuguna. The phrase encapsulates the idea that ecological sustainability is fundamental to achieving long-lasting economic prosperity and well-being for society.

Interdependence between environmental sustainability and economic prosperity:

• Environmental Degradation: Neglecting the environment in pursuit of economic growth can result in environmental degradation, such as deforestation, air and water pollution, and habitat destruction.
  • For instance, Indonesia - Forest Fires and Haze, Beijing Smog Crisis, New Delhi's Air Quality Crisis
• Violating the Precautionary Principle: Neglecting the environment can also perpetuate social inequities, as vulnerable communities often bear the brunt of environmental degradation.
  • For example, Kanpur is known for its leather industry. The tanneries discharge untreated effluents into the river Ganges, contaminating its waters with toxic chemicals like chromium and other pollutants. Communities living along the riverbank, particularly marginalized groups, suffer from waterborne diseases and skin ailments due to exposure to contaminated water.
• Loss of Biodiversity: An economic model that neglects the environment may not adequately protect biodiversity, leading to the loss of plant and animal species.
  • Indian vultures have faced a significant decline in population due to the use of diclofenac,
  • The Olive Ridley Sea turtles face threats due to habitat destruction and unsustainable fishing practices.
• Ethical Investment and Business Practices: Economic activities heavily rely on natural resources, such as water, minerals, and forests. Environmental sustainability ensures the availability of these resources for continued economic growth.
  • For example, sustainable forest management provides timber for industries while preserving biodiversity and carbon sequestration.
• Natural Resource Dependency: Healthy ecosystems provide essential services like clean air, water purification, and pollination. These services support economic sectors like agriculture, tourism, and fisheries.
  • For instance, bees' pollination services contribute to crop yields, benefiting the agricultural economy.
• Public Health and Ethics: A clean and healthy environment directly impacts public health, reducing healthcare costs and increasing productivity.
  • By promoting sustainable urban planning and clean air regulations, cities can improve residents' well-being and labor productivity.
• Intergenerational Justice: Fostering environmental sustainability catalyzes innovation and the advancement of eco-friendly technologies, ensuring the conservation of resources for future generations.
  • For example, advancements in solar energy technology have created a booming industry that not only reduces carbon emissions but also generates employment opportunities.
• Ethics of Corporate Social Responsibility: Companies and nations that demonstrate commitment to environmental sustainability often enjoy a positive reputation, attracting environmentally conscious consumers and investors.
  • Unilever has set ambitious targets to reduce its environmental impact, including goals to halve the environmental footprint of its products and source 100% of its energy from renewable sources.

The interdependence between environmental sustainability and economic prosperity is evident in how environmental health supports economic activities, resilience, innovation, and long-term well-being. Embracing sustainable practices and policies is essential for fostering a thriving economy while safeguarding the planet's ecological balance for future generations.