Mains Marathon

Introduce by writing about Li-ion batteries. Discuss how the development of li-ion batteries has revolutionized the electric vehicle industry in India. Write some government efforts in this regard. Conclude accordingly.

Answer:

Lithium-ion batteries are a type of rechargeable battery that has become widely used in various applications due to their high energy density, efficiency, and relatively low self-discharge rate. They are commonly used in portable electronics, electric vehicles (EVs), renewable energy storage systems, and other modern technologies.

Lithium-ion batteries revolutionized the electric vehicle industry in India:

• Extended Driving Range: Lithium-ion batteries offer higher energy density, enabling EVs to achieve longer driving ranges on a single charge. This has addressed one of the major concerns of potential EV buyers - "range anxiety."
  • For example, the Tata Nixon EV, powered by a lithium-ion battery, offers a range of over 300 km on a full charge, making it suitable for everyday commuting and long-distance travel.
• Increased Adoption of EVs: The availability of efficient and high-performance lithium-ion batteries has accelerated the adoption of EVs in India.
  • According to a report by Bloomberg NEF, India's EV market witnessed a significant growth of 1.35 lakh electric vehicles in 2021, representing a 19% YoY increase.
• Fast Charging Capabilities:Lithium-ion batteries enable fast charging, reducing the time required to recharge an EV.
  • For instance, Tata Power, in collaboration with MG Motors, has established a widespread fast-charging network in India to support MG ZS EV owners.
• Enhanced Performance: Lithium-ion batteries deliver better power and acceleration, improving the overall performance of EVs.
  • The Mahindra e2oPlus, equipped with lithium-ion batteries, can accelerate from 0 to 60 km/h in just 9.5 seconds, providing a spirited driving experience for urban commuters.
• Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions: With the transition to lithium-ion batteries in EVs, India is witnessing a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector.
  • By replacing conventional internal combustion engine vehicles with EVs, the country can lower its carbon footprint and combat air pollution. It aligns with India's commitment to the Paris Agreement's climate goals.
• Growing EV Manufacturing Sector: The emergence of lithium-ion batteries as the preferred energy storage technology for EVs has spurred investments in battery manufacturing within India.
  • Major companies like Tata Chemicals and Suzuki Motor Corporation have announced plans to set up lithium-ion battery manufacturing facilities in India, boosting the domestic EV ecosystem.
• Increased Employment Opportunities:
  • The growth of the EV industry, driven by lithium-ion batteries, has created new employment opportunities in India. From manufacturing battery cells to developing charging infrastructure, the EV sector has become a significant contributor to the country's job market.

Government initiatives:

• National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP): The NEMMP was launched in 2013 with the goal of achieving widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in India.
• Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles in India (FAME India): FAME India scheme was launched to promote the adoption and manufacturing of electric and hybrid vehicles in the country. The scheme also supports the establishment of charging infrastructure and battery swapping stations.
• Phased Manufacturing Program (PMP): The government introduced the PMP to encourage domestic manufacturing of lithium-ion cells and batteries.
• Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme: In 2020, the government launched the PLI scheme to boost local manufacturing in various sectors, including advanced chemistry cell (ACC) batteries, which include lithium-ion batteries.
• National Policy on Electronics (NPE): The NPE, introduced in 2019, includes provisions to encourage the domestic production of electronic components, including lithium-ion batteries, and reduce the import of electronic goods.
• Setting up Gigafactories: To strengthen domestic manufacturing capabilities, several Indian companies have announced plans to set up gigafactories for lithium-ion batteries.

The Geological Survey of India (GSI) has discovered approximately 5.9 million Tonnes of inferred lithium resources in Jammu and Kashmir. Lithium, a strategic element crucial for electric vehicle (EV) batteries, has been found in significant quantities. This discovery is being hailed as a transformative development in India's shift towards sustainable and eco-friendly transportation solutions.