Periodic Labour Force Survey Annual Report 2022-2023

• 14 Oct 2023

For Prelims: National Statistical Office (NSO), Periodic Labour Force Survey, Terms Related to Employment.

For Mains: Government’s Initiatives Related to Employment, Issues relating to Growth, Development and Employment.

Source: PIB

Why in News?

Recently, the National Statistical Office (NSO) released the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) Annual Report 2022-2023 on the basis of Periodic Labour Force Survey conducted during July 2022-June 2023.

What are the Key Findings of the Report?

• Estimates of Key Labor Market Indicators in Usual Status:

• Estimates of Key Labor Market Indicators Current Weekly Status (CWS):

Key Terms

• Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR):
  • LFPR is the percentage of the working-age population (aged 15 years and above) that is either employed or unemployed, but willing and looking for employment.
• Worker Population Ratio (WPR):
  • WPR is defined as the percentage of employed persons in the population.
• Unemployment Rate (UR):
  • UR is defined as the percentage of persons unemployed among the persons in the labour force.
• Activity Status
  • The activity status of a person is determined on the basis of the activities pursued by the person during the specified reference period. When the activity status is determined on the basis of the reference period of the last 365 days preceding the date of the survey, it is known as the usual activity status of the person.
  • Types of Activity Status:
    • Principal Activity Status (PS):
      • The activity status on which a person spent a relatively long time (major time criterion) during 365 days preceding the date of the survey, was considered the usual principal activity status of the person.
    • Subsidiary Economic Activity Status (SS):
      • The activity status in which a person in addition to his/her usual principal status, performs some economic activity for 30 days or more for the reference period of 365 days preceding the date of survey, was considered the subsidiary economic activity status of the person.
    • Current Weekly Status (CWS):
      • The activity status determined on the basis of a reference period of the last 7 days preceding the date of the survey is known as the current weekly status (CWS) of the person.

What is the Periodic Labour Force Survey?

• About:
  • It is a survey conducted by the NSO under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) to measure the employment and unemployment situation in India.
  • The NSO launched the PLFS in April 2017.
• Objective of PLFS:
  • To estimate the key employment and unemployment indicators (viz. Worker Population Ratio, Labour Force Participation Rate, Unemployment Rate) in the short time interval of three months for the urban areas only in the ‘Current Weekly Status’ (CWS).
  • To estimate employment and unemployment indicators in both ‘Usual Status’ and CWS in both rural and urban areas annually.

What are the Government’s Initiatives Related to Employment?

• Support for Marginalized Individuals for Livelihood and Enterprise (SMILE)
• PM-DAKSH (Pradhan Mantri Dakshta Aur Kushalta Sampann Hitgrahi)
• Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)
• Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)
• Start Up India Scheme
• Rozgar Mela

What are the Types of Unemployment?

Type of Unemployment	Description
Disguised Unemployment	More people are employed than needed, primarily found in the agricultural and unorganized sectors.
Seasonal Unemployment	Occurs during specific seasons of the year, often affecting agricultural laborers who do not work year-round.
Structural Unemployment	Arises from a mismatch between available jobs and the skills of workers.
Cyclical Unemployment	Linked to economic cycles, with unemployment rising during recessions and declining in periods of growth.
Technological Unemployment	Job losses due to technological changes. India has seen a significant impact from automation.
Frictional Unemployment	Involves a time lag when individuals search for or switch between jobs, often voluntary and not due to job shortages.
Vulnerable Employment	Informal, contract-less work without legal protection, often leading to unrecorded employment.

UPSC Civil Services Examination, Previous Year Questions (PYQs)

Prelims

Q. Disguised unemployment generally means (2013)

(a) large number of people remain unemployed
(b) alternative employment is not available
(c) marginal productivity of labour is zero
(d) productivity of workers is low

Ans: (c)

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Mains

Q. Most of the unemployment in India is structural in nature. Examine the methodology adopted to compute unemployment in the country and suggest improvements. (2023)