Pangolin

• 18 Feb 2023

Why in News?

A new report by TRAFFIC and World Wide Fund for Nature-India revealed that 1,203 pangolins were poached for illegal wildlife trade in India from 2018-2022.

• These were recovered in 342 seizure incidents across 24 states and one Union territory of India. The highest number of seizure incidents and pangolins seized were in Odisha.

What are the Characteristics of Pangolin?

• About:
  • Pangolins are nocturnal mammals that dig burrows and feed on ants and termites, and play a vital role in ecosystem management, mostly in aerating and adding moisture to the soil.
  • Pangolins are known for their unique appearance. They have scales made of keratin that cover their entire body.
    • When threatened, they can roll into a ball to protect themselves.

• Pangolin Species: There are eight species of pangolin:
  • 4 Species in Africa: Black-bellied pangolin, White-bellied pangolin, Giant Ground pangolin and Temminck's Ground pangolin.
  • 4 Species in Asia: Indian pangolin, Philippine pangolin, Sunda pangolin and the Chinese pangolin.
• Habitat:
  • It is adaptable to a wide range of habitats including primary and secondary tropical forests, limestone and bamboo forests, grasslands and agricultural fields.
  • The Indian Pangolin is found across the Indian subcontinent; Bihar, West Bengal, and Assam also have the presence of Chinese pangolin.
• Threats:
  • Once known to be found in large numbers, its population is rapidly declining in its range due to habitat loss and rampant poaching for its skin, scales, and meat.
  • Pangolins are among the most trafficked wild mammals, globally, traded mostly in Asia, where their scales are considered to be medicinal and their meat a delicacy.
• Protection Status:
  • In the red list of animals published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Indian Pangolin is listed in the Endangered (EN) category.
    • The Chinese pangolin has been listed as “critically endangered”.
  • In India, pangolins, both Indian and Chinese, are protected under Schedule 1 of the Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 that prohibits its hunting, trade or any other form of utilisation.
• All pangolin species are listed in Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) Appendix I.

UPSC Civil Services Examination, Previous Year Question (PYQ)

Q. Consider the following animals (2021):

1. Hedgehog
2. Marmot
3. Pangolin

To reduce the chance of being captured by predators which of the above organisms rolls up/roll up and protects/ protects its/their vulnerable parts?

(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1 and 3

Ans: (d)

Source: DTE