Open Source Software Platform

• 04 Jan 2022

For Prelims: Computer Emergency Response System (Cert-In), open-source software, GitHub, GovTech 3.0.

For Mains: Government Policy on open-source software, Open source softwares there advantages and disadvantages.

Why in News

Recently, the Github, an open-source software repository service was used to create and share an offensively named app that sexually harassed a women in India.

• The app used pictures of the women stolen from their social media handles and invited “users” to bid for them.
• GitHub has blocked the user, and the Indian Computer Emergency Response System (Cert-In), has been asked to form “a high-level committee.

GitHub:

• GitHub is the world’s largest open-source developer community platform where users upload their projects and code for others to view, edit, and tweak.
• The platform uses the software Git, which was created in 2005 by Linus Trovalds, the developer of the open-source operating system Linux, to track changes in a set of files and for coordination in software.

Key Points

• Meaning of Open-Source: The term open source refers to something people can modify and share because its design is publicly accessible.
  • Underlying Principles: Open source projects, products, or initiatives embrace and celebrate principles of
    • Open exchange,
    • Collaborative participation,
    • Rapid prototyping,
    • Transparency,
    • Meritocracy, and
    • Community-oriented development.
• Open Source Software: Open source software (OSS) is software that is distributed with its source code, making it available for use, modification, and distribution with its original rights.
  • Source code is the part of software that most computer users don’t ever see.
  • It’s the code computer programmers manipulate to control how a program or application behaves.
  • OSS typically includes a licence that allows programmers to modify the software to best fit their needs and control how the software can be distributed.
  • The idea of making source code freely available originated in 1983 from an ideological movement informally founded by Richard Stallman, a programmer at MIT.
  • Examples of Linux, Mozilla Firefox, VLC media player, SugarCRM, etc.
• Closed Source or Proprietary Software: Closed source software is software that holds the source code safe and encrypted.
  • Meaning, the user can't copy, modify, or delete parts of the code without some type of consequence.

Note:

• While the operating system of Apple’s iPhones (iOS) is closed source, meaning it cannot be legally modified or reverse engineered, Google’s Android operating system is open-source, and therefore it is possible by smartphone manufacturers such as Samsung, Xiaomi, OnePlus, etc to modify it for their hardware.

• Government Policy on OSS:
  • The Government of India had issued a Policy on Adoption of Open Source Software in 2015.
  • Free and Open Source Software for Education (FOSSEE) Project: It is a project promoting the use of open source software in educational institutions.
    • It does that through instructional material, such as spoken tutorials, documentation, such as textbook companions, awareness programmes, such as conferences, training workshops, and internships.
  • The government has also made the android version of the Aarogya Setu app open source.
  • Promoting OSS is a part of GovTech 3.0.
    • GovTech 3.0 is focussed on Open Digital Ecosystems (ODEs), the underlying philosophy suggests that the government should focus on creating the “digital commons”.

Way Forward

• The government must take urgent, exemplary action against the perpetrators. Simply taking down the app, without imposing costs on such criminal behaviour, will lead to encouragement of impunity.

Source: IE