High Altitude Pathogens

• 13 Sep 2024

Source: NYT

Why in News?

Recently, studies over Japan at altitudes up to 10,000 feet, have found different bacteria and fungi types in the air, which could be the cause of Kawasaki diseases.

• Scientists have been studying airborne microbes since the 1920s, capturing spores and other biological particles floating in the atmosphere.

What are the Key Facts about the Study?

• Air Sampling Over Japan: Researchers conducted flights to collect airborne particles over the Sea of Japan, focusing on air masses from China.
  • The samples contained a rare mineral called hafnium, likely originating from Chinese mines.
  • Northeastern China could be a significant source of airborne pathogens due to extensive farming, livestock operations, and soil erosion.
• Connection to Kawasaki Disease: The study was inspired by research linked to Kawasaki disease.
  • It was observed that Kawasaki disease cases in Japan increased when winds blew from northeast China. This suggests that winds may transport pathogens or other elements that contribute to the disease.

Hafnium 

• Hafnium is a good absorber of neutrons and is used in the control rods of nuclear reactors. 
• Hafnium is also used in vacuum tubes as a getter, a material that combines with and removes trace gases from vacuum tubes. 
• Hafnium has been used as an alloying agent in iron, titanium, niobium and other metals.

What is Kawasaki Disease?

• About: Kawasaki disease, or Kawasaki syndrome, is an inflammation, in the walls of blood vessels that carry blood throughout the body.
  • The inflamed blood vessels increases the risk of tearing or narrowing, limiting blood flow to tissues and organs.
• Prevalence: It primarily affects children aged 6 months to 5 years.
  • It occurs in about 10 to 20 per 100,000 children under 5 in the US and Canada, while in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, it affects 50 to 250 per 100,000 children under 5.
• Causes: The exact cause of Kawasaki disease is unknown, but it is suspected to be linked to bacterial or viral infection, environmental factors, or genetics.

UPSC Civil Services Examination, Previous Year Question (PYQ)

Prelims

Q. Consider the following kinds of organisms: (2012)

1. Bacteria
2. Fungi
3. Flowering plants

Some species of which of the above kinds of organisms are employed as biopesticides?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans: (d)