Engineer’s Day

• 15 Sep 2021

Why in News

Every year on 15^th September, India along with Sri Lanka and Tanzania celebrate National Engineer’s day to recognise and honour the achievements of the great engineer Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya.

• The day is observed to commemorate the great work of engineers and to encourage them for improvement and innovation.
• It is different from the World Engineers’ Day celebrated annually by UNESCO on 4^th March.

Key Points

• About Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya:
  
  • Born in Karnataka in 1861, he studied Bachelor of Arts (BA) from the University of Mysore and then studied civil engineering from the College of Science in Pune and went on to become one of the most eminent engineers in the country.
  • He was an engineering pioneer of India whose genius reflected in harnessing of water resources and building and consolidation of dams across the country.
  • His work was becoming so popular that the Government of India sent him to Aden (Yemen) to study water supply and drainage systems in 1906-07.
    
    • He designed a project based on his study which was implemented in Aden.
  • He served as the Chief Engineer of Mysore State in 1909 and as the Diwan of the princely state of Mysore in 1912, a position he held for seven years.
    
    • As the Diwan, he made an immense contribution towards the overall development of the state.
  • He was knighted as a Knight Commander of the British Indian Empire by King George V for his contributions to the public good in 1915.
  • He was an Engineer who had planned the Indian Economy in 1934.
  • He was awarded an Honorary Membership of London Institution of Civil Engineers for an unbroken 50 years.
  • He was conferred India's highest honour, the Bharat Ratna in 1955.
  • He died in 1962 in Bengaluru, Karnataka.
• Books Written by him:
  
  • 'Reconstructing India' and 'Planned Economy of India'.
• Major Contributions: During the course of his professional life, he has contributed a lot towards society by being part of several notable construction projects in Mysore, Hyderabad, Odisha and Maharashtra.
  
  • He was the chief engineer responsible for the construction of the Krishna Raja Sagara Dam in Mysore.
    
    • This work of his was instrumental in converting the barren lands into fertile grounds for farming.
  • He was instrumental in designing and patenting a system of automatic weir floodgates in Khadakwasla reservoir in Pune in 1903.
  • After the devastating floods (Musi River) in Hyderabad in 1908, he designed a drainage system to protect the city from these floods in the future.
  • He is the one who designed a plan for road construction between Tirumala & Tirupati.
  • He played a key role in developing a system to protect Visakhapatnam port from sea erosion.
  • He also commissioned several new Railway lines in Mysore state.
  • He had designed and carried out the waterworks for the Municipality of Sukkur in 1895.
  • He is also credited with the development of the Block System which would prevent the wasteful flow of water in dams.
  • He was responsible for founding the Mysore soap factory, the Mysore Iron & steel works (Bhadravathi), Sri Jayachamarajendra Polytechnic Institute, The Bangalore Agricultural University, and the State Bank of Mysore.

Source: IE