DRDO's Deep Tech Efforts for Defence | 08 Oct 2024

Source: BL

Why in News?

The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is set to launch a new initiative aimed at advancing emerging military technologies. It will fund five deep-tech projects, with each project receiving up to Rs 50 crore, to promote the indigenisation of defence products and strengthen national security.  

• This initiative is supported by a Rs 1-lakh crore fund announced in the Interim Budget 2024-2025 to drive transformative research in the defence sector.

What are the Key Points About the Projects?

• Objective: 
  • DRDO aims to reduce reliance on imports of systems, subsystems, and components required by the tri-services through indigenisation. 
  • By focusing on futuristic and disruptive technologies, DRDO will seek innovative solutions for concepts that are not currently available in India or globally. 
• Futuristic and Disruptive Tech: 
  • DRDO has identified three broad categories for inviting proposals: indigenisation, futuristic and disruptive technology, and cutting-edge technology. 
  • It primarily focuses on advancing research in futuristic and disruptive technologies, such as quantum computing, blockchain, and artificial intelligence. 
    • Futuristic and disruptive technologies are innovations that significantly transform or revolutionise existing industries, markets, or societal norms by introducing new methods, products, or services. 
    • Globally, similar programmes are led by state defence research organisations, such as the US DARPA (United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) which DRDO is using as a model for its deep tech initiative. 
  • Investments in these deep tech projects will be executed through DRDO's Technology Development Fund (TDF). 
    • The TDF has been collaborating with private industries, especially MSMEs and start-ups, to develop military hardware and software needed by the armed forces. 

What is the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)? 

• About: 
  • DRDO is the R&D (Research and Development) wing of the Ministry of Defence with a vision to empower India with cutting-edge defence technologies. 
  • Its pursuit of self-reliance and successful indigenous development and production of strategic systems and platforms such as Agni and Prithvi series of missiles, Light Combat Aircraft, Tejas, multi-barrel rocket launcher, Pinaka, air defence system, Akash, a wide range of radars and electronic warfare systems, etc. have given quantum jump to India's military might, generating effective deterrence and providing crucial leverage. 
• Formation: 
  • It was formed in 1958 from the amalgamation of the Technical Development Establishment (TDEs) of the Indian Army and the Directorate of Technical Development & Production (DTDP) with the Defence Science Organisation (DSO). 
  • DRDO is a network of more than 50 laboratories which are deeply engaged in developing defence technologies covering various disciplines, like aeronautics, armaments, electronics, combat vehicles, engineering systems etc. 
• Technology Clusters of DRDO: 
  • Aeronautics: Focuses on designing and developing aviation technologies, including aircraft, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAVs), and advanced materials. 
  • Armament and Combat Engineering: Develops weapon systems, artillery, and ammunition for the armed forces. 
  • Missiles and Strategic Systems: Specializes in missile technology, including ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, and tactical missile systems. 
  • Electronics and Communication Systems: Works on radar systems, communication devices, and electronic warfare systems for military applications. 
  • Life Sciences: Develops technologies for human survival in extreme environments, such as protective gear, life-support systems, and combat casualty care. 
  • Materials and Life Sciences: Focuses on advanced materials, nanotechnology, and biotechnology for defence applications. 

What are the Achievements of DRDO?

What are the Challenges Faced by DRDO? 

• Delays in Project Execution: Many DRDO projects, such as the development of advanced weapon systems and aircraft, have faced significant delays,affecting timely deployment and causing cost overruns. 
• Technology Gaps and Dependence on Imports: Despite a substantial production and R&D base, the Indian defence industry lacks the technological capability to independently design and manufacture major systems, critical parts, components, and raw materials, leading to continued reliance on imports. 
  • This limited technological depth is a key factor behind the Indian government's preference for licensing the manufacture of many major defence systems. 
• Budgetary Constraints: The budget allocation for the DRDO increased to Rs 23,855 crore in FY 2024-25, up from Rs 23,263.89 crore in FY 2023-24. 
  • Despite this increase, the budget growth remains modest, not aligning with the government's strong emphasis on modernisation and the indigenisation of defence technology. 
• Collaboration with Industry and Academia: While DRDO is trying to increase collaboration with private industries and academic institutions, aligning them efficiently with defence R&D requirements remains a challenge.

Way Forward

• Strengthening Industry Collaboration: DRDO should enhance partnerships with private industries, MSMEs, and start-ups to accelerate innovation and the development of cutting-edge defence technologies, promoting efficient technology transfer.  
• Focus on Time-bound Execution: Implementing stricter project timelines and adopting agile project management techniques can help mitigate delays and ensure timely delivery of critical defence systems. 
• Increased Investment in R&D: Allocating additional resources and consistent funding for research and development will empower DRDO to bridge technological gaps and reduce reliance on foreign imports. 
• Fostering Global Collaborations: Expanding collaborations with international defence research agencies and fostering joint ventures can help DRDO acquire advanced technologies and expertise in emerging areas.