Advancements in Smart Windows | 18 Jul 2023

Source: PIB

Why in News?

Researchers at the Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Science in Bengaluru have introduced a new dimension to smart window technology by combining hierarchical double network polymers with liquid crystals.

What is a Hierarchical Double Network of Polymers?

  • Hierarchical Double Networks of Polymers are a type of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs).
    • IPNs are soft matter systems that combine different polymer networks to optimize various properties.
    • IPNs have potential applications in fields like smart windows, and sensors.
  • Hierarchical Double Networks combine rigid and soft networks to achieve desired thermal, electrical, and optical properties.
  • They can be tailored to specific requirements, such as mechanical, optical, and electrical properties.
  • Polymer:
    • Polymers are large molecules composed of smaller molecules called monomers, which are linked together in a chain-like structure.
    • Examples of polymers include common materials like plastic and rubber.

What are the Advancements in Smart Windows?

  • Enhanced Control with Double Networks:
    • These double networks combine different materials and allow for precise manipulation of their properties.
    • Integration of multiple functionalities into a single window system.
  • Combining Light and Temperature:
    • The research team has utilized both light and temperature control to create double networks. Light is used to form a self-assembled polymer network, while temperature triggers the formation of a second network that traps the first one. This unique combination of stimuli provides advanced control over the window's properties.
  • Trapping Liquid Crystals:
    • The double network structure effectively traps liquid crystals, which are responsible for regulating light transmission. This enables the smart windows to switch between transparency and opacity, providing privacy and energy-saving features.
  • Benefits:
    • Energy Efficiency: They consume very little energy, making them environmentally friendly and cost-effective.
    • Privacy Control: The windows can change from transparent to opaque, giving users control over their privacy.
      • Smart windows capable of switching between high and low haze states.
    • High Resolution: The use of modern techniques allows for precise control over the level of opacity, providing excellent resolution.