Kanha Tiger Reserve

• 28 Jan 2021

Why in News

A tigress was found dead in the buffer zone of Kanha tiger reserve in Madhya Pradesh.

Key Points

• Location: It stretches over an area of 940 square km in the two districts - Mandla and Balaghat - of Madhya Pradesh.
• History: The present-day Kanha area was divided into two sanctuaries, Hallon and Banjar. Kanha National Park was created in 1955 and in 1973 was made the Kanha Tiger Reserve.
  
  • Kanha National Park is the largest National Park in Central India.
• Features:
  
  • Fauna:
    
    • The State animal of Madhya Pradesh - Hard Ground Barasingha (Swamp deer or Rucervus duvaucelii) is found exclusively in Kanha Tiger Reserve.
    • Other Species found include Tiger, Leopard, Dhole, Bear, Gaur and Indian Python etc.
  • Flora:
    
    • It is best known for its evergreen Sal forests (Shorea Robusta).
  • It is the first tiger reserve in India to officially introduce a mascot, “Bhoorsingh the Barasingha”.
• Other Tiger Reserves in Madhya Pradesh:
  
  • Sanjay-Dubri.
  • Panna.
  • Satpura.
  • Bandhavgarh.
  • Pench.

Core and Buffer Zone

• For the purpose of management, tiger reserves are constituted on a ‘core – buffer’ strategy.
• In core areas, forestry operations, collection of minor forest produce, grazing, human settlement and other biotic disturbances are not allowed and are singularly oriented towards conservation.
• The buffer zone is managed as a ‘multiple use area’ with conservation oriented land use, having the twin objectives of providing habitat supplement to the spillover population of wild animals from the core, apart from facilitating site specific eco developmental inputs to stakeholder communities.

Barasingha

• Subspecies: There are three subspecies of swamp deer found in the Indian Subcontinent.
  
  • The western swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelii) found in Nepal,
  • Southern swamp deer/Hard Ground Barasingha (Rucervus duvaucelii branderi) found in central and north India and
  • Eastern swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelii ranjitsinhi) found in the Kaziranga (Assam) and Dudhwa National Parks (Uttar Pradesh).
• Protection Status of Swamp Deer:
  
  • IUCN Red List: Vulnerable
  • CITES: Appendix I
  • Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule I

Source: IE